Vulnerability Description
RISC Zero is a general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. Due to a missing constraint in the rv32im circuit, any 3-register RISC-V instruction (including remu and divu) in risc0-zkvm 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 are vulnerable to an attack by a malicious prover. The main idea for the attack is to confuse the RISC-V virtual machine into treating the value of the rs1 register as the same as the rs2 register due to a lack of constraints in the rv32im circuit. Rust applications using the risc0-zkvm crate at versions 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 should upgrade to version 2.1.0. Smart contract applications using the official RISC Zero Verifier Router do not need to take any action: zkVM version 2.1 is active on all official routers, and version 2.0 has been disabled. Smart contract applications not using the verifier router should update their contracts to send verification calls to the 2.1 version of the verifier.
Related Weaknesses (CWE)
References
- https://github.com/risc0/risc0/commit/006d86c363b16d2b2ac42d32d832a209ff8ab4c9
- https://github.com/risc0/risc0/commit/1873bbb8a56793edd1f6195242d184cf6cc5175d
- https://github.com/risc0/risc0/commit/67f2d81c638bff5f4fcfe11a084ebb34799b7a89
- https://github.com/risc0/risc0/pull/3181
- https://github.com/risc0/risc0/security/advisories/GHSA-g3qg-6746-3mg9
- https://github.com/risc0/zirgen/commit/e0e2918302c93e956f73ca2e44aef2b861d8c3ae
- https://github.com/risc0/zirgen/pull/238
FAQ
What is CVE-2025-52484?
CVE-2025-52484 is a documented vulnerability. RISC Zero is a general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. Due to a missing constraint in the rv32im circuit, any 3-register RISC-V instruction (including remu and ...
How severe is CVE-2025-52484?
CVSS scoring is not yet available for CVE-2025-52484. Check NVD for updates.
Is there a patch for CVE-2025-52484?
Check the references section above for vendor advisories and patch information. Review vendor security bulletins for remediation guidance.